Ann Hutchinson and Jarena Lee :: essays research papers

Men are not the only people who played an instrumental role in religion. It is true that for most of Western history, religious leadership and power have been restricted to men. It is also true that women were excluded from theological education and even from lay leadership in most Christian denominations until quite recently. Until women like Ann Hutchinson and Jarena Lee decided not to but on the back burner any more. They decided to stand up for what they believed in and defended women’s rights. Ann Hutchinson stood trial alone, with no lawyers to defend her. She was charged with heresy and banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636. Hutchinson believed that people could communicate directly with God without the help of ministers or the Bible. This was in direct contradiction with the established religion. Local ministers taught that people could only find God by following the teachings of the Bible and that only they could interpret the Bible correctly. During this time all ministers were men, they believed that women should obey man at all times and that women should not teach religion because they were not intelligent enough. One of Ann Hutchinson "crimes" was expressing religious beliefs that were different from the colony's rulers, during that time it was against the law especially for a woman. Making matters worse, she held meetings in her home to discuss religion that was a common for Puritan in England. She believed that God had spoken to her directly, and that only God could be her judge. Anne was drawn by the excitement of this religious struggle and based her opinions on the study of the Bible. Although in some areas, she did disagree with Puritan doctrine, she was still a devoted member of the church and agreed with the majority of the Puritan principles. Her purpose in expressing her opinions was not to break down the church but rather to make positive change in those areas where the church was in error in her opinion. In 19 century, women were still prohibited by social and religious custom for preaching. Jarena Lee experienced a dramatic conversion when she was 21 after hearing a sermon by Richard Allen, founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Lee said, "As if lightening had darted through me, I sprang to my feet, and cried, 'The Lord has sanctified my soul!'" (132-133). Her religious awakening in 1804 stopped her from committing suicide and years later, she felt God’s call to preach.

Drug Violence Essay

According to the article, â€Å"The Drugs/Violence Nexus: A Tripartite Conceptual Framework†, author Paul Goldstein argues that there are three ways in which drugs and violence are related. Goldstein’s models for the relationship between drugs and violence are the psychopharmacological model, economic compulsive model, and the systemic violence model. The psychopharmacological model, â€Å"suggests that some individuals, as a result of short or long term ingestion of specific substances, may become excitable, irrational, and may exhibit violent behavior† (pg. 278). In this model, violence occurs due to a withdrawal or the lack of availability of the preferred drug. The economic compulsive model argues that crime occurs due to the necessity to continue a prolonged addiction of a particular dug. Paul Goldstein states that, â€Å"Economically compulsive actors are not primarily motivated by impulses to act out violently †¦ rather, their primary motivation is to obtain money to purchase drugs† (pg. 279). The final model regarding systemic violence â€Å"refers to the traditionally aggressive patterns of interaction within the system of drug distribution and use† (pg. 280). In this model, individuals within the system or hierarchy are prone to violence in the form of disputes, robberies, and punishments due to the illegality of the drug. In my own opinion, I see drug violence occurring due to the simple processes of an industry or market. Due to the fact that drugs are illegal and in such high demand, the market itself works to create tension and violence. I agree with Goldstein and his economic compulsive model, but argue that the prices and availability are so high due to such a large demand of illegal substances. Without the demand, prices would drop, availability would rise, and the amount of violence would be reduced as well. There are many costs related to the close relationship between drugs and violence. For one, the drug consumption and distribution from gangs is becoming more violent and increasingly prevalent. Due the illegality and potential profit, gangs became systemically involved in the distribution of drugs and the violence that comes along with it (pg. 267). Within the system of drug distribution, gangs have both financial and personnel costs. The financial costs arise from competition and all the resources used to gain the upper hand. The personnel costs mainly come about due to gang wars and the enforcement of the law. One final cost comes at the expense of the community, where neighborhoods involved with drug distribution are more likely to be surrounded by illicit activities and violence. According to Paul Goldstein, â€Å"Previous research indicates that the most common victims of this form of drug related violence are people residing in the same neighborhoods as the offender† (pg. 279). As I stated before, there many reasons responsible for the violence and crime associated with drugs. The first and most obvious is the fact that drug use and the distribution of drugs are illegal. The second aspect of violence comes from the prohibition and interest groups that continue to inflict harsh penalties on drug use. The third and final reason is that both drugs and crime share common causes (O’Brien Lecture). This final reason is the most important because it points to the fact that the U.S has turned into a drug culture, not for one particular reason, but rather the relationship between drugs and violence. Although drugs and violence have been increasingly prevalent in U.S society lately, there are a few solutions or steps we can take to reduce the amount. In a perfect world, I would suggest a reduced role of politico-moral entrepreneurs in order to lessen the prohibition measures, which create so much of the tension. But unfortunately we do not live in a perfect world, so instead I suggest changing the drug laws to reduce the amount of trafficking and availability of the drug. Once again, with less restrictions and more availability the gangs and drug lords would have much less of a demand; and thus less violence. According to the article, â€Å"The Social Construction of Drug Scares†, author Craig Reinarman states that there are three main elements to a drug scare. They are the kernel of truth, media magnification, and politico-moral entrepreneurs (pg. 43). A kernel of truth refers to the fact that, â€Å"in virtually all cultures and historical epochs, there has been sufficient ingestion of consciousness-altering chemicals† (pg. 43). That is, the kernel of truth looks at the big picture and views drug use as a natural occurrence through out history. Media magnification argues that, â€Å"The media dramatize drug problems, as they do other problems, in the course of their routine news-generating and sales-promoting procedures† (pg. 43). This points to how the mass media takes small cases of re-occurring drug use and turns it into an ‘epidemic’ or drug scare. The media thus acts as a promoter for the inflation of the kernel of truth and how it should be interpreted. The final element to a drug scare are the politico-moral entrepreneurs, who’s personal interests outweigh societies’ when it comes to the regulation of drugs. According to Craig Reinarman, â€Å"political elites typically find [that] drugs †¦ allow them to deflect attention from other more systematic sources of public problems† (pg. 44). In this case, politico-moral entrepreneurs have the power to alter the thought process of an entire culture in relation to drugs (ex. Ronald Regan). When it comes to the public reaction of drug scares, the mass media and politico-moral entrepreneurs are the most influential (pg. 45). They shape the public ideals and beliefs about drugs, as well as, advocate towards a temperance culture. The media tries to present conscious-altering chemicals as a ‘loss of self-self control’. Because the U.S. developed from a temperance culture, â€Å"self-control was both central to religious world views and a characterological necessity for economic survival and success in the capitalist market† (pg. 45). Thus, the general public essentially responds to drug scares however the media portrays it to be. A good example of the media’s bias and influential impact on drug scares can be seen in the case of salvia divinorium in the United States. Although many medical researchers believe that salvia can be used as a medicinal substance, the government is in the process of banning the drug for all social/recreational use (O’Brien Lecture). In this case, the media’s magnification of salvia as a drug scare has led to an ‘all or nothing’ attitude regarding the drug. Instead of regulating and suppressing the negative attributes of the drug, we have been led to believe that the drug is pure evil (O’Brien Lecture). In order to reduce the frequency of drug scares in our culture, we must first reduce the factual/selection bias of the mass media.

Are young people feel to being too protected Essay

Parents often believe that it is better to be safe than sorry. Do you consider young people to be too protected? Whenever you come across the word â€Å"childhood†, you can sense the freedom to do everything, you can see yourself on all smiles and even you can remember the silly things you have done with your friends when you were young which could make induce a sense of humour till now. Well not anymore. In today’s world, parents prevent them from letting them go out and venture, they do not allow their children to do activities and lastly solving their children’s own problem. Nowadays, helicopter parents do not allow their child to go out and venture the world. Helicopter parents do not allow their children to go out as they are afraid about their child being kidnapped. If this continued, children would be immature and sad to say that they would continue to . To prove my point, a research was done by Cambridge University on the crime rate from ten years ago till now. The results tells us that crime rate has decreased by a whopping 86.81%. On the contrary, some critics may argue that children are immature, thus they are unprepared to face the world. But this is part of life, learning should never be obstructed and the more experienced they are, the more matured they will be. Ernest Dimnet once said that, â€Å"Children have to be educated, but they have also to be left to educate themselves.†. Therefore, this brings to me to my point that parents are overprotective. In today’s world, it is a common sight to see helicopter parents preventing their child to do activities such as cycling, skating or even walking to school. They are chained to their home making children prisoners in their own homes. This is because they are afraid that their child may contract something â€Å"disastrous† such as fever, minor injuries. Research conducted by Cambridge University tells us that children ten years ago have 65% lesser children suffering from obesity than children now. This is due to parents not allowing their child exercise. If this continued, children will get obese and may get long term medical conditions such as High blood pressure.  On the other hand, parents may argue by not allowing their children, they can prevent their children from being kidnapped by con man. This is the same worry once Lenore Skenazy, author of free range kids and America’s Worst Mom, had this same problem when she let her 9 year old to take the subway. But soon it has paid off when her son returned home all smiles. Therefore, this tells that children are overprotected. Lastly, a research done by National University of Singapore tells us that a whopping 78.69% of children, between the age of 10 to 15, who participated in the research lacks basic problem solving skills and a majority of children are brought up by helicopter parents. Nowadays, children share their problems to their parents, soon their parents will be worried and they will handle their problems. Because of that, children lack problem solving skills and become more reliant to their parents. On the other side of the coin, some critics may argue that children can pick up problem solving skills by attending courses or go for counselling. But which children will be interested to attend courses or go for counselling, and also a famous author, Paulo Coelho, once said that â€Å"People never learn anything by being told, they have to find out for themselves.†. Thus, this can tell us that young people are overprotected. To oppose this point, some critics may argue that children are naive and gullible. They make decisions without analysing the aftermath of it. Afraid of that, parents prevent their children from making decisions. To illustrate this point, here is an scenario. Imagine your 15 year old daughter was proposed by a guy. Being in a dilemma whether to accept or not, she follows her intuition and accepts his proposal. So without you knowing she has been hanging out with her â€Å"life partner†. Then one day, she comes at your doorsteps, crying and limping at the same time. Then she tells you what had happened. Then you came to know that she got raped by the guy she had proposed without you knowing. There goes her virginity. There goes your pride. There goes your faith. There goes your daughter’s future. You cannot rewind back into time to stop this. And there you are now feeling that you were a useless parent to your daughter. Back to my point, to prevent this types of problem, parents should effective communication with their children  and when they have done something wrong, you should advise them on what they should do to prevent the situation to happen again, rather than yelling and abusing them which would not bring any solution to the problem but making the problem even worse. In this way, we could prevent being an overprotective parent and establish a bond something more than a Parent-Child relationship. Before I end off my essay, let me tell you my opinion about this topic. Parents do show more care and compassion to their children than anyone could do. Due to that, parents tends to become over protective and they aim to let their child have a stress-free life. But the problem is that with the aim of theirs, their children are being over protected. Thus, their children becomes immature, becoming less confident to solve their own problems and lastly becoming less experienced. Thus, I can firmly conclude that young people are being overprotected!

Free Essays on Smokers Segregated From Society

In today’s society smoking is the new drug. People are trying to ban it permanently. The only places to smoke comfortably is in your own home. Smokers are treated differently than nonsmokers. There are several advertisements, and commercials making the public aware of second hand smoke. People who smoke are putting the other people around them in danger. Smokers should be held responsible for their actions, and segregated from nonsmokers. There are several laws that protect the rights of nonsmokers. These laws regulate where smokers make smoke. Such as the clean indoor air act. One website describes this act as a law to protect the public from toxic chemicals in second hand smoke by restricting where smoking is permitted in public places, restaurants, and places of employment (â€Å"Answers To Frequently Asked Questions About Smoking Restrictions Designed to Protect Public the Health†). This law protects the rights of nonsmokers, and ask that smokers go outside of public places to smoke. Nonsmokers around smokers put themselves at a greater risk for health problems. There are several commercials, and advertisements encouraging nonsmokers to protest against smokers. Stanley Scott says, â€Å" This year, for example, the American Cancer Society is promoting programs that encourage people to attack smokers with canisters of gas, to blast them with horns, to squirt them with oversized water guns, and burn them in effigy† (138). This is persuading nonsmokers to take a stand against a smokers. Yes smoking has decreased in the past couple of years. A website said 27% of Americans smoke (1991) versus 29% in 1987 and 44% in 1964 (â€Å"Smoking Statistics†). Although the number of people smoking has lowered, the amount of cigarettes smokers have consumed has risen. The website also says the percentage of heavy smokers is 27% (1987) versus 26% (1974) (â€Å"Smoking Statistics†). This makes nonsmokers angry because the people who are smoking c... Free Essays on Smokers Segregated From Society Free Essays on Smokers Segregated From Society In today’s society smoking is the new drug. People are trying to ban it permanently. The only places to smoke comfortably is in your own home. Smokers are treated differently than nonsmokers. There are several advertisements, and commercials making the public aware of second hand smoke. People who smoke are putting the other people around them in danger. Smokers should be held responsible for their actions, and segregated from nonsmokers. There are several laws that protect the rights of nonsmokers. These laws regulate where smokers make smoke. Such as the clean indoor air act. One website describes this act as a law to protect the public from toxic chemicals in second hand smoke by restricting where smoking is permitted in public places, restaurants, and places of employment (â€Å"Answers To Frequently Asked Questions About Smoking Restrictions Designed to Protect Public the Health†). This law protects the rights of nonsmokers, and ask that smokers go outside of public places to smoke. Nonsmokers around smokers put themselves at a greater risk for health problems. There are several commercials, and advertisements encouraging nonsmokers to protest against smokers. Stanley Scott says, â€Å" This year, for example, the American Cancer Society is promoting programs that encourage people to attack smokers with canisters of gas, to blast them with horns, to squirt them with oversized water guns, and burn them in effigy† (138). This is persuading nonsmokers to take a stand against a smokers. Yes smoking has decreased in the past couple of years. A website said 27% of Americans smoke (1991) versus 29% in 1987 and 44% in 1964 (â€Å"Smoking Statistics†). Although the number of people smoking has lowered, the amount of cigarettes smokers have consumed has risen. The website also says the percentage of heavy smokers is 27% (1987) versus 26% (1974) (â€Å"Smoking Statistics†). This makes nonsmokers angry because the people who are smoking c...

How to communicate with students through technology

How to communicate with students through technology Your students are on devices all day long, constantly texting, scrolling through social media, and checking email between classes (and sometimes during class). While many schools have technology policies and some teachers ban devices in their classroom, some are embracing tech to reach this generation in key ways: as teaching tools within the classroom, through multimodal assignments, and through communication beyond the classroom. Tech is increasingly being used in the classroom as a learning tool- even as the assignment itself. Your students are learning how to build personal websites and sophisticated presentations using software like Google Slides, Prezi, or Canva; students today are increasingly more likely to upload a file rather than print an assignment on paper.Consequently, teachers writing notes on the margins of an assignment in red ink is becoming a thing of the past. Whether it’s a way to reach the eyes that are overly invested in their screens or simply to find t he most functional way to give feedback on various types of media, there are several ways to use tech as a communication tool in and beyond the classroom.But first let’s be clear about what not to do: no texting students or communicating via social media apps. Although you want to reach students, communicating with tech they primarily use with friends or family muddies the effectiveness of your messaging, and potentially communicates a lack of seriousness to some students. It also interferes with your own ability to set proper boundaries between you and your students, as well as between your work life and your home life. It’s not about being the cool techy teacher. It’s about finding tools that suit your needs and meeting your students where they are.Go PaperlessThe paperless classroom can be a way to not only stop the spread of germs, but also make turning in an assignment as easy as clicking a button. Wouldn’t it also be great to give students feedback just as easily? Using the comments features on Microsoft Word or platforms like Google Docs can be great for providing feedback to students who can reexamine the assignment in the same way they created it: on screen.This isn’t just about convenience; electronic feedback lets you make changes directly to their document, allowing them to get a sense of what the finished revision would look like without the need to decode your handwriting. Google Docs can also be a great way to communicate to students engaged in group work and allow easy communication among multiple users.Going paperless can be more easily facilitated when your school uses LMS (Learning Management Systems) like Canvas or D2L, but there are a number of Google products like Google Sites that can allow teachers seeking out a user-friendly platform to provide online syllabi, updates, and assignments that students can access quickly.Voice VideoWe so often gear the classroom towards reaching auditory, visual, and kin esthetic learners to reinforce the multiple ways students receive messages, but some teachers rarely mix it up in their feedback- which is often written. Providing feedback on documents using voice annotations features that exist in programs like Microsoft Word or creating voiceovers on video-recorded presentations with programs like Screenflow can be a great way to reach students who are auditory learners. It’s also a way to engage students who get to hear the real voice of the teacher and read impressions and detect enthusiasm that can get lost in written feedback.The great thing about tech is that it allows more types of communication and creative ways to engage students- but it also is a two-way street. Various apps that allow you or your students to develop video with some flair like Filmora or Animoto can be a dynamic way to engage class material for everyone.Interactive TechIn the classroom, communicating course content can be made more interactive by creating lessons where technology use is required through platforms like Blendspace (which can incorporate a YouTube video, Power Points, images and documents). You can engage students with interactive games like Kahoot- a quick multiple-choice quiz game the entire class plays on their phones or computer. Or you can engage student feedback through interactive polls like Poll Everywhere or Micropoll.By inviting students specifically to use the devices they are so familiar with, you can help facilitate the learning process and get your students excited to learn.

Discuss the influence of business over local governments services and Essay

Discuss the influence of business over local governments services and regulatory activities - Essay Example re the monopolies became highly influencing bodies in the terms of social, political, regional and cultural segments of the economies (Eatwell and Wright, 1999). Giant firms across different sectors started to influence the decision of the public authorities in favor of them. Red-tapism, corruption and bribery became common in the bureaucratic segments of most of the nations of the world. The private monopolistic giant firms in the market started to grasp large portions of the consumer surplus in the market by influencing the decisions of the governments. It is only after the era of globalization, when the political sectors of most of the economies were decentralized. Under this regime, the local governments and the regional institutions were allocated with some sort of regulatory powers. The local governments were entitled to check on the scale and the scope of business activities in their respective local regions (Tucker, 2010). This paper will through light on the influence of the business firms on the various activities of the local government’s services as well as its regulatory activities (Jonas and Wood, 2013). The paper will emphasize on the numerous ways (like campaign funding and lobbying and bribing) through which the business firms can influence the decisions of the local governments (Feenstra and Taylor, 2008). The context of the paper also explains the different ways in which the actions of the local governments in the modern days are undertaken in favor of the corporate companies (focusing the Euro Area). The analysis in the conclusion states that local governments in the current epoch often behave irrationally by favoring the corporate organizations as the influence of such organizations on their activities are huge. There is no doubt about this fact that local governments have substantially influenced the operations of the business organizations. However, the case and effect factors in this context are just the opposite. It is true that in the

The Use of Documentary Film as Historical Recollection Essay

The Use of Documentary Film as Historical Recollection - Essay Example This paper approves that the skeletal figures of the walking-dead survivors, some so weak that liberation has come too late for them, though they are not yet dead. These are the images that do not appear in Marzynski’s documentary, but those which, if he has been successful, the viewer will seek to further understand the history of, and will, through investigation of the events, find on their own. This report makes a conclusion that the use of film documentaries as a tool by which to further inform an audience, and to serve as a permanent historical record of events, is a valid and reliable tool for accomplishing those goals. In the case of Marzynski’s documentary, it opens during the cold months of fall or early winter, and this important to the film because it conveys the environmental coldness of Germany. Marzynskis uses that coldness to help make his points, points with which he is concerned; that the Holocaust memorial will be a cold and unwelcoming place that will cause people to avoid it, and that it took an unequaled coldness of heart – like the weather – for the German people to allow the murder of six million Jews. Also, to emphasize that there remains an element of â€Å"coldness† in the hearts of many Germans today. Marzynski emphasizes this when, during filming of the site where the memorial will be constructed, the filming is interrupt ed by a German security officer who says the proper licensure has not been obtained to film the documentary there.